Qualifications to be a United States Representative

Qualifications to be a United States Representative What are the constitutional qualifications to serve as a  U.S.  Representative? The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the U.S.  Congress, and it currently counts 435 men and women among its members. House members are popularly elected by voters residing  in their home states. Unlike U.S. Senators, they do not represent their entire state, but rather specific geographic districts within the state known as Congressional Districts. House members may serve an unlimited number of two-year terms, but becoming a representative has specific requirements beyond money, loyal constituents, charisma, and the stamina to make it through a campaign. Requirements to Become a U.S. Representative According to Article I, Section 2 of the U.S.  Constitution, House members must be:at least 25 years of age;a citizen of the United States for at least seven years prior to being elected;a resident of the state he or she is chosen to represent. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. No other requirements are specified in Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution. However, all Members must take an oath to support the U.S. Constitution before being allowed to exercise the duties of the office. Specifically, the Constitution states, â€Å"No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.† The Oath of Office The oath taken by both Representatives and Senators as prescribed by the United States Code reads: â€Å"I, (name), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.† Unlike the oath of office sworn by the President of the United States, where it is used only by tradition, the phrase â€Å"so help me God† has been part of the official oath of office for all non-presidential offices since 1862. Discussion Why are these requirements for being elected to the House so much less restrictive than the requirements for being elected to the Senate? The Founding Fathers intended that the House be the chamber of Congress closest to the American people. To help accomplish that, they placed decidedly few hurdles that might prevent any ordinary citizen from being elected to the House in the Constitution. In Federalist 52, James Madison of Virginia wrote that, â€Å"Under these reasonable limitations, the door of this part of the federal government is open to merit of every description, whether native or adoptive, whether young or old, and without regard to poverty or wealth, or to any particular profession of religious faith.† State Residency In creating the requirements to serve in the House of Representatives, the founders drew freely from British Law, which at the time, required members of the British House of Commons to live in the villages and towns they represented. That motivated the founders to include the requirement that Members of the House live in the state they represent in order to increase the likelihood that they would be familiar with the people’s interests and needs. The Congressional district system and the process of apportionment were developed later as the states dealt with how to fairly organize their congressional representation. US Citizenship When the founders were writing the U.S. Constitution, British law banned persons born outside England or the British Empire from ever being allowed to serve in the House of Commons. In requiring members of the House to have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, the founders felt they were balancing the need to prevent foreign interference in U.S. affairs and keeping the House close to the people. In addition, the founders did not want to discourage immigrants from coming to the new nation. Age of 25 If 25 sounds young to you, consider that the founders first set the minimum age to serve in the House at 21, same as the voting age. However, during the Constitutional Convention, delegate George Mason of Virginia moved to set the age at 25. Mason argued that some should pass between becoming free to manage one’s own affairs and managing the â€Å"affairs of a great nation.† Despite an objection from Pennsylvania delegate James Wilson, Mason’s amendment was approved by a vote of seven states to three. Despite the 25 year age restriction, there have been rare exceptions. For example, William Claiborne of Tennessee became the youngest person to ever serve in the House when he was elected and seated in 1797 at the age of 22,  Claiborne was allowed to serve under Article I, section 5 of the Constitution, which gives the House itself the authority to determine whether Members-elect are qualified to be seated.   Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer and a former copy editor for The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper. Updated by Robert Longley

How an Ice Cream Soda or Float Works

How an Ice Cream Soda or Float Works An ice cream soda or ice cream float (called a spider in Australia and New Zealand) is made by adding soda pop or seltzer to ice cream. Some people add flavoring, like chocolate syrup, or a little milk. However you make it, as soon as the soda hits the ice cream you get fizzy, frothy, tasty bubbles.Do you know how it works? Its basically the same as what is going on with the Mentos and Soda Fountain, except not as messy. You are knocking the carbon dioxide in the soda out of solution. Bubbles of air in the ice cream provide nucleation sites around which carbon dioxide bubbles can form and grow. Some ingredients in the ice cream lower the surface tension of the soda so the gas bubbles can expand, while other ingredients trap the bubbles in much the same way as small amounts of protein in seawater trap air to form seafoam.You can make all types of floats, including black cows (coke floats with cola and vanilla ice cream), brown cows (root beer float with root beer and vanilla ice cream ), and purple cows (grape soda and vanilla ice cream), but you can use other ingredients. Heres a recipe for a coffee cola Float, which is bubbly and caffeinated and therefore a double-win: 2-1/2 cups coffee (room temperature or chilled)2/3 cup light cream or milkcoffee, chocolate or vanilla ice creamcola Mix the coffee and cream or milk, pour it into glasses, add scoops of ice cream, and top it off with cola. You can garnish it with whipped cream, chocolate covered coffee beans, or a little coffee powder or cocoa.

Apple company Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Apple company - Research Proposal Example Server computers followed in the form of the Workgroup Server 80 and the Workgroup Server 95. The LC 520 was launched as a home computer. Further launches included the Performa 520, the Powerbook145B, and the first active-matrix 256 color screen PowerBook 180c. Other new product launches included the low cost audio Macs Centris 660av and Quadra 840av. The PowerBook Duo product line was further extended through the launch of Duo 250 and the Duo 270c (O’Grady, 78-84). This book gives information on the developments that occurred in Apple Inc. in the latter half of the 1990s. This information is useful in understanding that in spite of the frenetic product launches in the early 1990s, market share in the personal computer market dwindled towards the end of the twentieth century. This web page provides information on the developments at Apple Company during the first half of the first decade of the New Millennium. It provides the important information of new products along with the significant iPod. This book provides information on the numerous products launches that took place from Apple Company in the early have of the 1990s. This helps to understand the pace of product development at Apple Company in the

Discussion Forum Post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion Forum Post - Essay Example The way to accomplish the task was through advocacy for change, coercion by war or military and negotiation of treaties. The central aspect to unify the German states involved appealing for one language and culture. In addition, the German leaders had a romantic assertion that the culture, language and mind of the Germans were unique and superior to others. The achievement of this unity utilized the romantic aspects to preserve the traditional culture and leadership of Germany. Beethoven’s music (Ninth Symphony) maintained a traditional form of classic music and influences of enlightening the audience. Furthermore, the Beethoven’s music reflected the traditions, values and the historical background of the Germans. Moreover, Savage (2) indicates that Bismarck and King William I adopted the unique aspects in Beethoven’s ninth symphony to create a unique German nationalism. The aspects in Beethoven’s music that reflect the German culture include the classic, unique thematic movements. The movements stand independently yet Beethoven designed the music to deliver a uniform message. The other aspect in the music involves the romantic style of influencing the audience to maintain one culture. Furthermore, the themes in the music reflected the unity of the German people (Savage

Mean-Variance Optimization “Stimulation Approach” Essay Example for Free

Mean-Variance Optimization â€Å"Stimulation Approach† Essay To use of the balance of payments as a barometer of the forces of demand for and supply of foreign exchange in the market, it is necessary to isolate those entries which respond to relative economic conditions from those transactions which are made solely to fill the gap between the initial supply of and demand for foreign exchange. â€Å"The current account balance is often considered to be a measure of these forces. In 1980 the U. S. current account balance showed a surplus of $ 3. 72 billion. † (Groppelli, 2000)This surplus indicates that the supply of foreign currency exceeded the demand for foreign currency used to trade goods, services and gifts between the United States and the rest of the world. In the absence of any other transaction in the balance of payments, this balance will tend to put downward pressure on the price of foreign currencies against the U. S. dollar. Presenting the return for the equally-weighted portfolio of funds, the value weighted portfolio of funds, the return on the S P 500 and the percentage of funds that the S P 500 index beats. Another common approach to determine the impact of balance of payments developments on exchange rites is to obtain a reading of the forces in the market, excluding the entries which reflect government intervention in that market, the overall balance, changes in the official reserves of the United States and in the dollar reserves of foreign governments are considered to be the buffer accounts which bridge the gap between private supply and demand for foreign currencies relative to the U. S. dollar. We develop and explore the open economy intertemporal model in a slightly different manner. It provides insight into the gains from intertemporal trade, and the determinants of the optimum composition of the balance of payments. Mean Returns and Standard Deviation: Low-risk profit is not typically associated with the management of foreign exchange exposure. The key to the success of the model is not in the superiority of its forecasting equations, since these equations are far more simple than most of the alternatives used in the forecasting industry at the present time. Instead, the success is due to the use of diversification present in the model. By taking account of the interaction between forecasts, extreme positions in any currency are avoided. Since forecast errors are often highly correlated, small market biases may be profitably exploited. Every decision has its own tools to use in where you will be able to map out the likely consequences of decision, as you work out the importance of individual’s factors and choose the best course of action to take. The result of the said decision must correlate with proper action to achieve success. Whatever else happens in that decision, the manager must give up some control, and it cannot operate without the input of those concerns, and follow the procedure which is included in the process it self. It does need a variation of strategies and it’s up to the management to choose from those choices. Each business has its own problems to take and they have several of practices and strategies to deal with, these practices and strategies have been cited in the management procedures particularly appropriate in decision making The length of time required to close the deal. Second, cash transactions are often easier to execute than stock transactions. However, the fact that mergers and acquisition are undoubtedly popular as methods of business growth may lead us to conclude that they are always successful. In practice, this is not always true. A number of studies have analyzed the performance of companies after integrations and the findings are not very encouraging. This is just one of the reasons why in recent studies that many corporate marriages failed to work and ended in divorce. Optimal Portfolio may have contributed to some integration failures. Corporate growth can be restricted by government, as companies are only allowed to establish a certain market share. The integration which would result in the new organization controlling of 25% of the market is generally subject to government scrutiny which often results in such an analysis being blocked. Being prevented from expanding in a related area may force some companies to take the more risky route of diversifications, acquiring a company making different products in different markets. Data: An organize data distribution is provided so that when needed it will be one click away from the old system. Whats more these systems assist the organization in attaining its goal and will have an edge from other competitors due to electronic data capture and distribution that will help the company to have a better business opportunity, all because of major development. It only means new and better systems that allow the company to serve their customers in a well-organized manner, it also lessens the company’s expenses but rather have an increase in accurateness of orders. All the resources and requirements must be clear and have some allocation for supposition and documentation for some issues that need to be revised. Compile all the documents under control, this will help you mange the alteration that you think is not needed to the project. If ever a major change is needed you have to adjust you’re costing and estimated time. Documenting this factors help you account the changes, furthermore you will be able to explain thoroughly to your clients and stock holders. Structured project management it should contains logic, organized way and has subsequent defined steps, so the company must apply a written method where in the description of logical, organized approach is being used. Easily justified and so predominate in evaluation, many such standards are used. Just as fantasies help group members create a shared reality from perspective, stories, within narrative theory help collectively structure experiences for group members and thus serve as a foundation on which members form a common bond. They are fundamentally descriptive techniques that should be used primarily. These statistical packages contain a set of statistical test and manipulations. Descriptive or non-parametric, simple regression, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis, it recommended that any reasonably large set of data be handled through a true database or spreadsheet as described above and these files be simply read into the statistical program. There are experimental designs used most often in social and administrative science researches are simple randomized designs, randomized block designs. Efficient Frontier: Efficient frontier incorporates many benchmarks that are used in financial analysis; namely earnings, gross margins, operating margins, working capital, leverage, growth rate, etc. A company has the ability to influence its operating performance through a number of internal and external means. These include selling more products via increased marketing, enhancing margins by lowering cost structure or raising prices, or entering into new markets or selling new product lines. International market can also play an important role in improving operating performance. And there is several aspect of corporate culture that should be considered in the context of understanding the impact those mergers in the organization. The numerous models of exchange rate determination proposed in the economic literature differ primarily in their treatment of the degree on integration of national economies into a global system. The first point of connection as is seen in the debate surrounding purchasing power parity, is the extent of integration of goods markets, the question being, how freely interchangeable are domestic and foreign-produced goods? Providing the basis for exchange rate management the asset approach is an improvement compared with the simple monetary model. In the asset approach the real exchange rate is given an explicit role. However, the approach is unlikely to provide an adequate basis for regulation, when the central bank is concerned about the variability of the exchange rate.

John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath and Rose of Sharon’s Transformation :: essays research papers

Misfit to Madonna: Rose of Sharon’s Transformation When Rose of Sharon is first introduced in The Grapes of Wrath, we learn that she is expecting a child from her new husband, Connie Rivers. She is described as a mystical being whose primary concern is the well-being of her child, even at the almost ridiculously early stage of her pregnancy at the start of the novel. It is this concern that illustrates Rose of Sharon’s transformation from misfit to Madonna through the Joad’s journey. Rose of Sharon incessantly asks Ma Joad if â€Å"it’ll hurt the baby† throughout a majority of the novel, and adopts an attitude of superiority over others with her precious possession. She all but refuses to help the family pack the truck for California for fear of disturbing her fetus, even though she knows her help is needed. Her selfish antics and complaints are patiently absorbed by Ma, who tolerates her primarily because of her condition. Rose of Sharon knows that she is now an exception to the normal rules and exploits her position to its fullest potential. During the journey Rose of Sharon and Connie pass the time by dreaming of the idyllic life they will lead when they reach California. Connie says he will open a repair shop and buy a white house with a fence and an icebox and a car and a crib, all before the baby is born; all hopelessly idealistic and almost completely detached from reality. Every intention, though, is for the baby so that it may have a perfect life from the very moment it is born. In the face of hardships, Rose of Sharon comforts herself by remembering these dreamlike goals of her family and even reminds others of them, intending to lift the burden of reality. She does so when the sheriff threatens the roadside families to leave or be jailed. She tells Ma of Connie’s plans for California, which have nothing to do with the situation at that moment. This escape only proves to ultimately hurt Rose of Sharon and Connie; they learn that illusions don’t support a life when survival is the priority. Rose of Sharon’s dreams of a perfect life start to fall apart when Connie deserts her suddenly. She can no longer find comfort in shared thoughts of a white-picket fence, and is forced to face reality. However, instead of concentrating on the Joad family crises, she diverts her worries fully to her baby once again. John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath and Rose of Sharon’s Transformation :: essays research papers Misfit to Madonna: Rose of Sharon’s Transformation When Rose of Sharon is first introduced in The Grapes of Wrath, we learn that she is expecting a child from her new husband, Connie Rivers. She is described as a mystical being whose primary concern is the well-being of her child, even at the almost ridiculously early stage of her pregnancy at the start of the novel. It is this concern that illustrates Rose of Sharon’s transformation from misfit to Madonna through the Joad’s journey. Rose of Sharon incessantly asks Ma Joad if â€Å"it’ll hurt the baby† throughout a majority of the novel, and adopts an attitude of superiority over others with her precious possession. She all but refuses to help the family pack the truck for California for fear of disturbing her fetus, even though she knows her help is needed. Her selfish antics and complaints are patiently absorbed by Ma, who tolerates her primarily because of her condition. Rose of Sharon knows that she is now an exception to the normal rules and exploits her position to its fullest potential. During the journey Rose of Sharon and Connie pass the time by dreaming of the idyllic life they will lead when they reach California. Connie says he will open a repair shop and buy a white house with a fence and an icebox and a car and a crib, all before the baby is born; all hopelessly idealistic and almost completely detached from reality. Every intention, though, is for the baby so that it may have a perfect life from the very moment it is born. In the face of hardships, Rose of Sharon comforts herself by remembering these dreamlike goals of her family and even reminds others of them, intending to lift the burden of reality. She does so when the sheriff threatens the roadside families to leave or be jailed. She tells Ma of Connie’s plans for California, which have nothing to do with the situation at that moment. This escape only proves to ultimately hurt Rose of Sharon and Connie; they learn that illusions don’t support a life when survival is the priority. Rose of Sharon’s dreams of a perfect life start to fall apart when Connie deserts her suddenly. She can no longer find comfort in shared thoughts of a white-picket fence, and is forced to face reality. However, instead of concentrating on the Joad family crises, she diverts her worries fully to her baby once again.

Plastic Pink Flamingo Essay

In â€Å"The Plastic Pink Flamingo: A Natural History.† author Jennifer Price explains that the lifeless bird symbolizes Americans are lead on by the media and will purchase just about anything to prove their wealthiness. In Price’s view the United States is consumed with flashy displays of wealth. Americans will partake in anything that is bold or bright. In the first half of the essay, the author discusses the fact that the new popular item on the market is a plastic flamingo, which represents â€Å"wealth and pizzazz.† Price’s blunt sentence â€Å"But no matter†, after explaining that flamingos had been hunted to extinction in Florida shows, in reality, she is ashamed and angered by this fact, which represents how our old, poor society has died. Even worse she explains how businesses succeeded off of selling flamingo products or naming businesses after flamingos. Flamingos â€Å"stand out† in one’s lawn which shows â€Å"extravagance and â€Å"boldness† in analogizing for the generation raised in the Depression. People spent money on a useless plastic bird – a foolish action none would have thought to do before this. Jennifer Price use of suc h emphatic words let readers imagine strong or rather bold nature or American culture. The 1950s was definitely a time of change for many Americans. These people had overcome a great hardship and were ready for a new start. Jennifer Price relates in her essay that American culture was very strong and powerful at the time. Price makes Americans of the 1950s seem frivolous Price continues this effect by further explaining Americans’ obsession with the color pink, describing their sense of style has grown bolder and noticeable. Americans â€Å"brighten† things to make them attractive and to make profits. Price gives examples of household items that come in all shades of pink, including Elvis Presley’s pink Cadillac. The author begins the last paragraph with yet another sarcastic remark, by asking â€Å"Why, after all, call the birds pink flamingos as if they could be blue or green?† because this statement was toward the end of the essay some may think that Price is making a final statement. She supports her idea by further explaining that the color of the plastic flamingo was not even  accurate to that of the real flamingos. Price, it can be assumed, dislikes society carefree attitude shown through how Americans have not respected the flamingo, as Egyptians, early Christians, Mexicans, and Caribbean people did. Perhaps we do not think of the pink flamingo today when the word â€Å"wealth† pops in mind, but the need to show is still with us. It may be the cell phones flashed by every teenager or even the designer clothes worn by one. Jennifer Price has criticized American’s culture and belief. Regardless, Price explains how she views today’s society through the examp le of the pink plastic flamingo.